Exploring Birth Control Options
Choosing the right birth control method is a crucial decision that empowers women to take control of their reproductive health. There are various options available, each with its own benefits and considerations, choices and factors to consider.
Different Birth Control Options
Hormonal Methods:
Birth Control Pills: Oral contraceptives that contain hormones
Combination estrogen and progestin pills stop ovulation. They also cause other changes in the body that help prevent pregnancy. The mucus in the cervix thickens, making it hard for sperm to enter the uterus. The lining of the uterus also thins.
Progestin-only pills (aka “Mini-pill”) thicken the mucus in the cervix, making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus and fertilize an egg, while also thinning the lining of the uterus. Progestin often stops ovulation, but it does not do so consistently. About 4 in 10 women who use progestin-only pills will continue to ovulate. With most progestin-only pills, if you miss a pill by more than 3 hours, you should take it as soon as possible and use a backup method of birth control (such as condoms) or avoid having vaginal sex for the next 2 days.
Contraceptive Patch/Ring: These methods release hormones through the skin or vaginal ring to prevent pregnancy.
Birth Control Shot/Injection: A shot administered every few months containing progestin to prevent ovulation.
Hormonal IUD: A small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus releasing hormones to prevent pregnancy for several years.
Non-hormonal Methods
Copper IUD: A non-hormonal IUD that releases copper to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
Fertility Awareness Methods: Tracking menstrual cycles and avoiding intercourse during fertile periods.
Barrier Methods
3. Barrier Methods:
Condoms: Male or female condoms create a barrier, preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
Diaphragm/Cervical Cap: These are inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix, blocking sperm entry.
4. Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC):
Implants: Small rods inserted under the skin, releasing hormones to prevent pregnancy for several years.
IUDs (Copper or Hormonal): T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus, providing long-term contraception.
Things to Consider When Choosing Birth Control
Effectiveness: Assess the efficacy of each method and choose one that aligns with your preferences and lifestyle. View this PDF from ACOG for the effectiveness of birth control methods.
Health Considerations: Discuss your medical history and any health concerns with your healthcare provider to find a suitable option.
Side Effects: Understand potential side effects associated with each method and consider how they might impact your daily life.
Convenience: Evaluate the ease of use and consistency required for each method to find one that fits your routine.
Long-Term Plans: Consider your plans for starting a family in the near or distant future when selecting a birth control method.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Barrier methods like condoms are effective in preventing STIs, whereas hormonal methods do not offer protection.
Cost and Insurance Coverage: Consider the cost implications and whether your insurance covers specific birth control methods.
Choosing the right birth control method is a personal decision that should be made in consultation with your OBGYN or healthcare provider. Each woman's needs and preferences are unique, and understanding the range of options available can help make an informed choice. By considering factors such as effectiveness, health considerations, convenience, and long-term plans, women can select a birth control method that best suits their lifestyle and reproductive health needs. Regular discussions with healthcare providers ensure ongoing support and adjustments, if necessary, promoting a safe and effective contraception plan tailored to individual needs.
Doctor's Note: Women also have access to and options for emergency contraception. For more information on those options visit: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/emergency-contraception
